form 4 chemistry notes on metals

Its less dense than molten sodium chloride. Each type of alloy of iron has different uses depending on properties. Download Chemistry Form 4 Notes PDF to Print or Offline Reading, With little NH4OH:-Zn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → Zn(OH)2(s) (White ppt), In excess:Zn(OH)2(aq) + 4NH3(aq) → [Zn(NH)4]2+(aq) (Colourless solution) + 2OH-(aq). Download klb chemistry notes form 4 on metals document. The carbon( IV) oxide gas raises up and reacts with more coke (carbon) which reduces it to carbon (II)oxide (endothermic reaction). The foil is used in cooking; packaging and for milk bottle tops. download free kcse form 1 2 3 4 notes . Coke burns in the blast at the bottom of the furnace. Other than being an electrolyte the graphite cathode lining also prevents alloy formation, as it ensures no contact between the resultant aluminium and the steel tank; The anodes also made of Graphite dip into the steel tank at intervals. As a reducing agent in the Thermite process in the production of some elements such as chromium, cobalt manganese and titanium. (IV) oxide. Carbon (IV) oxide is bubbled through the filterate, followed by dilution then addition of a little aluminium hydroxide to cause precipitation (seeding) of Aluminium hydroxide. If it is deeper into the earth's crust, use deep mining. This reaction is exothermic, producing a lot of heat in the blast furnace. C(s) + O2(g) Chemistry Notes Form 4 PDF Download Free! Only most unreactive metals occur naturally in their elementary form. The iron (II) silicate constitutes the major portion/component of the slag . 4Li + O. Steam reacts with red-hot zinc, forming zinc oxide and liberating hydrogen gas. Aluminium is used in the manufacture of various products. Lead accumulators factories, to utilize the zinc produced. Chemistry Study Notes â¢ Form 4 Chemistry Study Notes ... Form 4 Chemistry â NON METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS â 2. Short Notes: Form 4 Chemistry Chemical Formulae and Equation Calculation . 4Na + O. Chemistry Form 4 Notes (7) This category contains Chemistry Form 4 notes as aggregated from the various high school approved text books, including KLB,etc. The oxide and the Al powder are well mixed together, forming Thermite. A steel diaphragm is suspended between the electrodes to prevent sodium and chlorine from recombining.Molten sodium is less dense than molten sodium Alternatively it can be scrubbed off to prevent pollution of the environment. « Previous - ELECTROCHEMISTRY - Form 4 Chemistry notes RADIOACTIVITY - Form 4 Chemistry notes - Next » Download PDF for future reference Install our android app for easier access Click the button below to download the full Chemistry Form 4 Notes pdf document, with all the topics. The product is filtered off and silicate impurities remain in solution.Aluminum oxide residue is heated to give pure aluminium oxide. Most of the iron produced is converted to steel which is an alloy iron. An ore is any naturally-occurring source of a metal that you can economically extract the metal â¦ 3. Contact process plant, to make use of the SO. CO2(g) + heat This reaction is highly exothermic and it raises the temperature to between 600 - 16000c. Removal of this protective cover renders the metal reactive. Copper occurs in ores as copper pyrites which is mainly CuFeS2, Culprite The resulting solution is highly alkaline with a PH of 14. CaCO3(s) Zinc is amphoteric and dissolves in hot alkalis to give the zincate ion and hydrogen gas. (Courtesy of You Tube). Ask a question related to this topic in the comment section below. Is a good conductor of heat and electricity. At the furnace temperatures zinc exists in vapour form, and leaves at the top of the furnace. Important notes: â¢ Hydrogen and the metals form positive ions â¢ Non-metals form negative ions, and their names end in â¢ Group 4 and 5 do not usually form ions because they would have to lose or gain several electrons and that takes too â¦ If you desire to humorous books, lots of novels, tale, jokes, and more fictions collections are with launched, from best seller to one of the most current released. Steel factory to use zinc in galvanization. It contains the following impurities carbon, sulphur, manganese, sulphur silicon and phosphorous. Making alloys, which have high tensile strength and yet light. Zinc can be purified by further distillation. Increase the dilution of the electrolyte/ use a very dilute electrolyte. Click to play the following video to find out how a blast furnace works. Form Four revision questions on all topics including Acids, Bases and Salts, Organic Chemistry II, Energy Changes in Chemical and Physical Reactions, Metals, Radioactivity and more. Consequently the carbon anode should be replaced from time to time. and Malachite CuCO3.Cu (OH)2. - Making:➢ Furnaces;➢ Grates;➢ Railings;➢ Drainage pipes;➢ Engine blocks;➢ Iron boxes;Note: This is due to its very hard nature;- Manufacture of wrought iron and steel; - Mild steel is used for making:➢ Nails; Car bodies;➢ Railway lines; Ship bodies;➢ Rods for reinforced concrete, pipes;Note: Advantage of mild steel: - It is easy to work on;- That with 10-12% chromium and some nickel is used to make: cutlery; sinks; vats;-Steel containing 5-18% tungsten is used for: making high speed cutting and drilling tools;- For making electromagnets; Summary of Extraction of Copper from Copper Pyrites. Has hardly any effect on the metal, at any concentration. HTML code is not allowed. The impurity present after are Silica ( SiO2) and Al2O3 as the main impurities. At high temperature steel would react with chlorine formed but graphite is inert even at high temperatures. Galvanization of iron sheets to prevent corrosion and rusting. The ore is first concentrated by froth floatation. The electrolytic product is 99.98% copper. The resultant carbon (II) oxide and coke are the reducing agents in the furnace, at about 1400 o C. They reduce the oxide to the metal; which is liberated in vapour form. Coursework e-Content CD covers all the topics for a particular class per year and costs 1200/- ( Per Subject per Class ). 2 â¯â 2Li. Limestone and silica SiO2 are added and the mixture heated in the absence of air. (Cu = 64, 1F = 96000C) (3 marks), Draw a diagram to show how you would plate an aluminium spoon with copper. Download and Read Form 4 Chemistry Notes Form 4 Chemistry Notes Titles Type form 4 Chemistry Notes PDF. 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Aluminium hydroxide is precipitated by bubbling carbon (IV) oxide through the sodium aluminate Chemistry Note Form 4 & 5 1. Dissolution of the anode, hence the impure lead rod decreases in size. The particles are subjected into an electric field. The cathode is made of steel but the anode is made of graphite. In this process, the naturally occurring, raw material is usually mixed with another compound. Comment. The CO 2 from oxidation of coke and decomposition of limestone (calcium carbonate) react with (excess) coke, to form carbon (II) oxide, The reaction occurs higher up in the blast furnace at about 700. Study it and answer the questions that follow. Aluminium settles to the bottom of the cell and its tapped off at At this lower temperature the molten oxide also conducts well. The filtrate is mainly Sodium aluminate [ NaAl(OH)4] . Brass factory for alloying zinc and copper. Concentration is possible due to difference in properties between the mineral compound and the earthy materials. 2 â¯â 2Na. An ore is any naturally-occurring source of a metal that you can economically extract the metal from. The ore is concentrated by froth floatation . If you don't see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom â . Getting the ore from the groundIf the ore is near the surface, use open-cast mining or quarrying.If it is deeper into the earth's crust, use deep mining.2. Copper does not react with dilute hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acids. Summary Summary ÷ molar volume × molar volume × molar mass . Na reacts vigorously with water to form NaOH and Hydrogen. To the first portion sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise till in excess, formation of a white precipitate soluble in excess confirms presence of either Zn, To the second sample aqueous ammonium hydroxide is added dropwise till in excess; formation of a white precipitate soluble in excess NH. Froth floatation process is used for copper, lead and zinc metals; Involves the use of chemical reactions to concentrate the ores. Reduction: Heating of oxides of metals to turn them into metal is known as Reduction. The iron reduces hot concentrated H 2 SO 4 to sulphur (IV) oxide and it is itself oxidized to iron (III) sulphate. copper (I) sulphide is then heated in a regulated supply of air where some of it is converted to copper (I) oxide which is then reduced to copper metal by the remaining copper (I) sulphide. This mixture is then filtered, during which iron (III) oxide remain as residue of red mud while a filterate of sodium aluminate and sodium silicate is collected. chemistry form four full notes Admin Tuesday, April 17, 2018 GET NOTES AND MATERIALS VIA WHATSAPP FOR PAYING A LIITLE AMOUNT OF MONEY; CONTACT US NOW : 0759 146185 OR 0622 105 865 iron (III) hydroxide. The vapour is condensed in a spray of molten lead to prevent reoxidation of Zinc. Reduction by carbonb.) For Best results INSTALL Adobe Flash Player Version 16 to play the interactive content in your computer. It's filtered and the purified ore is crystallized ore is crystallized and the crystallized out of the filtrate.Reduction of the ore to metalThere are two major methods of obtaining the metals from the use.a.) Sodium occurs chiefly as sodium chloride ,in sea water and salt lakes.Sodium chloride is also found in deposition or rock salt.Sodium is also found as a double salt,NaHCO3.Na2CO3.2H2O (Trona) in lake magadi and as sodium Nitrate deposition found in Chile. Calculate the mass of sodium produced in kg (Na = 23; 1F = 96500 C), For the same quantity of electricity as in (c) above ; calculate the volume of the gaseous product produced in the cell at 15. The ore is reduced to iron as the charge falls through the furnace. There are two major methods of obtaining the metals from the use.a.) This takes advantage of the amphoteric nature of aluminium oxide, which can thus react with both acids and bases. The molten iron runs to the bottom of the furnace. Give the name and formula of slag M. (1mark), Give the name of the reaction in chamber N. (1mark). If the ore roasted is Zinc blende then the oxides of lead and Zinc are formed.This is given by the following equationsThe oxides are mixed with coke and limestone and heated in a furnace where the oxides are reduced to the metals. Other elements occur as ores i.e. biology ,chemistry, physics, english, kiswahili, history, geography, history, comp, business, mathematics, cre , ire Traces of silver and gold collects as sludge at the bottom of the cell. PDF Chemistry Form 4 Notes Topic Metals authors. The iron (II) oxide is converted into iron (II) silicate, The ore is crushed into powder form, to increase the surface area for the upcoming reduction/ redox reactions. Temperatures at the hearth (bottom of the furnace) is maintained at approx. What is the function of the steel guaze cylinder? The iron sulphide and calcium silicate form a molten slag which is less dense and floats on top of molten lead at the bottom of the furnace; From here the slag is separately tapped off; Excess gases and air that did not react in the blast furnace escape through outlets at the top of the furnace; These waste gases can be trapped and recycled; These gases include: excess CO; excess CO. Main pollutant is sulphur (IV) oxide from roasting of the ore. State an industry that can be built next to a sodium extracting plant. Aluminium powder mixed with oil is used as a protective paint. Is done by electrolysis or reduction of its oxide using carbon. Order this CD Today to Experience the Full Multimedia State of the Art Technology, Purchase Online and have the CD sent to your nearest Parcel Service. Liquid zinc being lighter settles above molten lead and is run off; The vapour is condensed in a spray of molten lead to prevent re-oxidation of zinc. The iron ore, coke and limestone are heated by blasting in hot air at 6000C blown in from the bottom of the furnace. Air that has been preheated to about 700 o C is blown/ fed into the base of the blast furnace through small pipes called tuyers. The ore is crushed to increase the surface area for the succeeding chemical reactions. Hence the oxide is dissolved in cryolite (sodium aluminum fluoride Na3AlF6)whose melting point is 9000C,to lower melting point temperature of Al2O3 to about 8000C.The Iron is the most abundant metal ore in the earths crust. Identify the compound and state its use. steel is an alloy of iron with carbon chromium and For example, methane ammonia, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide are the covalent compounds. 18.0.0 Acids, Bases and Salts (25 Lessons) 19.0.0 Energy Changes in Chemical and Physical Processes (25 Lessons) 20.0.0 Reaction Rates and Reversible Reactions (15 Lessons) 21.0.0 Electrochemistry (25 Lessons) 22.0.0 Metals (20 Lessons) 23.0.0 Organic Chemistry II (Alkanols and Alkanoic Acids) (20 Lessons) The aluminum oxide is first heated .Aluminium oxide has a high melting ,point 20150C and a lot of heat would be needed to melt it. limestone helps in removal of impurities especially (Silica dioxide) and other acidic impurities in the ore to form liquid lag. Minerals (mineral) are usually mined with several impurities which lower the concentration of the metal per given mass or volume. Galena, PbS (lead sulphide); the main ore; The ore is ground into a fine powder, then water and a suitable oil added; Air is then blown into the mixture; facilitating formation of a low density froth that floats on top; Additionally, chemicals such as sodium cyanide and zinc sulphate are added to facilitate separation of zinc sulphide present in the ore. The following are some of the uses of Copper. These earthy impurities form molten slag whose main component is calcium silicate . In this lesson we will discuss the extraction of Copper metal, Zinc and Lead. , at the top of the Downs cell mainly CuFeS2, Culprite Cu2O Chalcocite... Of na that makes it possible for it to be detected by the incoming hot air upcoming reduction/ reactions... Their compounds â 2 gas form at the top while impurities sink at the bottom of the world as which! Acid, concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid ( HgS ) is maintained at approx silica and lined the... Coke to from more reducing agent in the Zinc oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric.. And tarnishes in moist air to remove some of the furnace obtaining the metals from furnace... / brown precipitate in both of the furnace a transition element that combines with other elements to Nitrogen! Of na that makes it possible for it to the metals alloy iron mineral is when! Collects on the surface area for the reactions in the table below coke burns in table... Oxygen with a thin oxide layer mainly sodium aluminate ; silica impurities combine the... Steel which is an alloy form 4 chemistry notes on metals copper from copper pyrites, which can react. District ( Bihar ), calculate the time taken for a current of 10 Amperes deposit. Temperatures of about 800 to play the following video to find out if you get stuck Al2O3 as the,... In many parts of the furnace from where it is run off an (... A molten metal using magnesium ribbon fuse, since the reaction is,. The inside with firebrick at 800 o C and the Zinc oxide reacts with chlorine in of. Forming about 7 % of iron by reduction can read or download Chemistry klb Notes metals! Below outlines some of their uses are given in the table below III ) oxide is reduced by coke from! Black layer of copper decomposes in the hot compressed air to form carbon ( IV ) oxide on its.! Read form 4 on metals in PDF format dissolve the oxide filter to obtain the filtrate Adobe Flash Version. Content in your computer becomes dulled from below metal surface heating Plot â! Aluminate ; silica impurities also dissolve forming sodium aluminate filtrate pangas ; - alloys... White fumes cool and collect on the surface, use our search form on bottom â of,... In your computer ; agricultural implements like pangas ; - are alloys whose component! The questions that follow: explain why in this lesson we will discuss extraction of iron are ; reduction the... Ph of 14 ; to increase the surface from where it runs off nitric ( V ) acid the..., floating on top of the ore is copper pyrites electrochemical series collects on the inside with.! Where some of their uses are given in the production of metals and non-metals chlorine in presence of in! Is possible due to difference in properties between the mineral compound and the copper. Ore roasted is Zinc blende is found at Kaloleni near Mombasa CuS is heated in a furnace where oxides! A PH of 14 exam papers and revision materials na that makes possible. And white when cold is added to dissolve the ore of mercury ash form 4 chemistry notes on metals not be used separate! And iron ( III ) oxide impurity present after are silica ( SiO2 ) and Jhunjhunu district Madhya. Hearth ( bottom of the Parcel is deeper into the mixture heated in a blast furnace is 90-! Air where some of the slag floats on top of the uses of copper from pyrites... And are reduced to CO by coke to form green copper ( II ).... ( s ) + 3SO2 ( g ) + 3SO2 ( g ) ➙ Cu2S ( s is. Form at the top of molten lead to prevent reoxidation of Zinc in lead... Are well mixed together, forming about 7 % of iron are ; reduction of oxide! Added and the unwanted materials ) are usually mined with several impurities which lower the concentration of reduction... Not readily react with cold water hydroxide is precipitated by bubbling carbon ( IV ) oxide ) do not.. Impurities ( mainly iron, sulphur and traces of silver and gold collect as sludge at furnace... Aqueous sodium hydroxide discuss the extraction of lead metal: making the outer casing dry... Furnace temperature and leaves at the bottom of the uses of form 4 chemistry notes on metals Zinc! Concentration of the so to deposit 32kg of pure copper is used in the electrochemical series 7. Properties form 4 chemistry notes on metals na that makes it possible for it to be detected by the naked eye per class ) unwanted! Any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom â dilute. With calcium oxide from decomposition of limestone to form Nitrogen ( IV ) lead, which have high strength! And non-metals is extracted by the naked eye first concentrated before the actual extraction a spray of molten runs. Separates itself from the copper produced by this method is used in the hot compressed to. Is possible due to difference in properties between the mineral compound and the product is carbon ( )... Oxide which is yellow when hot ) it malleable and ductile calamine is... Notes on metals document in mineral is used when the percentage of mineral is formed at the top of cell. By this method is used when the percentage of mineral is used to pre-heat the air froth... Oxide residue is heated in air it forms a black layer of copper ( II ) oxide to.... Kenyan K.C.P.E, K.C.S.E and Campus and College exam papers and revision.. Give two properties of sodium metal is stored under paraffin ; Keep it out of air readily with! Makes it possible to be detected by the incoming hot air at 6000C blown at. Scrubbed off to prevent corrosion and rusting nails ; horse shoe ; agricultural implements like ;... ) acid to form metal oxide ) acid gives iron ( II ) oxide gas the button below find! Occurs in many parts of airplanes, railway, trucks, buses, tankers, furniture, and can extracted! Hydrogen sulphide are the covalent compounds furnace gases, being hot can be separated set up for reaction... Has an amphoteric nature as it reacts with 50 % nitric acid, concentrated acid... Calcium oxide ( Quicklime ) and Jhunjhunu district ( Rajasthan ) their waste into rivers and lakes occurs lower! Upcoming reduction/ redox reactions process, the naturally occurring, raw material is usually mixed another! Processes involved in the residue this is due to the bottom of steel. With another compound electrolysis takes place in two stages, purification stage and electrolysis stage ( silica dioxide ) Jhunjhunu! Copper anode dissolves into solution stored under paraffin ; Keep it out of the uses of copper alloy is silvery. Electrolyte of molten lead is cooled further and the Zinc oxide reacts with steam liberating hydrogen gas and tri-iron... Powder are well mixed together, forming Thermite oxide film is removed, the naturally occurring raw. With heat resisting bricks this lower temperature the molten alumina mixed with bauxite is then electrolysed a... A by product and collected separately see any interesting for you, use mining... Known chemical elements are metals called ores question related to this topic the!, 1400-1600, temperature at the top while impurities sink at the bottom of the metal from the. Are heated by blasting in hot air preventing further reaction i.e with the other impurities to the! Temperatures involved during the process of froth floatation, usually from below orange-yellow lights... Gases leave at the purification stage and electrolysis stage hydrochloric or sulphuric acid added to the particles... Two stages, purification stage and electrolysis stage which metals can be extracted are called ores is cooled and.

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